and

Written by Balazs Halasy, 02/05/2004 Updated 08/13/2010 by Graham Brookins Maintainers: Balazs Halasy, Ester Heylen

Summary

Evaluates all parameters to check if any are evaluated as FALSE

Usage

and( value1 [, value2 [, ... ] ] )

Parameters

Name	Type	Description	Required
value1	any	A variable/value to be evaluated.	Yes.
value2	any	Another variable/value to be evaluated.	No.

Returns

One of the parameters or TRUE (see below).

Description

This operator evaluates all parameters.
When one of them is found to be FALSE, the operator will then return that parameter. Under some circumstances shortcutting is then applied, which means that once a parameter in found to be FALSE, the evaluation of the rest of the parameters stops. However this is not always the case, and depends on personal settings.
If none of the parameters are found to be FALSE, the operator will return TRUE.

The following table shows how the different types are evaluated by this operator.

Type	Evaluation
Number	TRUE if the value is non-zero, FALSE otherwise.
String	TRUE if the string consists of at least one character, FALSE otherwise.
Boolean	TRUE if the boolean is a TRUE value, FALSE is otherwise.
Array	TRUE if the array has one or more elements, FALSE otherwise.
Object	TRUE if the object provides the "attributes" and the "attribute" methods, FALSE otherwise.
NULL	Always FALSE.
Other	Other types will be evaluated in the same way as PHP would do.

Examples

Example 1

{if and( false(), true(), false() )}
    The truth is out there.
{else}
    The day the earth stood still.
{/if}

The following output will be produced: "The day the earth stood still.".

Example 2

{def $a=array()
     $b=array( 1, 2, 3 )
     $c=array( 4, 5, 6 )}

{and( $a, $b, $c )}

The code above will return the empty array that is represented by $a.

Contributors

Balazs Halasy Author 02/05/2004 Maintainer
Ester Heylen Maintainer

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